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Oil

Aug 2006

Portion of all fuel consumed by the U.S. government that is used by the Air Force: 1/2

Source:

U.S. Air Force

Jul 2006Volume of new reserves added by major oil companies in 2005, expressed as a percentage of oil pumped that year: 51
Source:

Sanford C. Bernstein Limited (London)

Jul 2006Ratio of the amount of energy used in producing gasoline itself to the amount yielded when it is burned: 6:5
Source:

Alexander Farrell, University of California, Berkeley

Jun 2006Average number of calories of oil that are used to make each calorie of food Americans eat: 7
Source:

University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems (Ann Arbor)

Nov 2005Percentage change in the average monthly price of oil during the Carter Administration: +85
Source:

U.S. Department of Energy/Harper’s research

Nov 2005Days after Katrina hit that Dick Cheney’s office ordered an electric company to restore power to two oil pipelines: 1
Source:

Southern Pine Electric Power Association (Taylorsville, Miss.)

Nov 2005Percentage discount that Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez has said he will offer poor Americans on oil and gas purchases: 40
Source:

Minestrio de Comunicación e Información (Caracas)

Jan 2005Percentage change since 2002 in the average U.S. price of gasoline : +35.2
Source:

U.S. Department of Energy/Harper's research

Jan 2005Change since then in the amount of gasoline Americans consume per capita : 0
Source:

U.S. Department of Energy/Harper's research

Aug 2004Year in which U.S. oil production peaked : 1971
Source:

U.S. Geological Survey (Denver)

Aug 2004Year in which worldwide oil discoveries did : 1964
Source:

Oil Depletion Analysis Centre (London)

Jun 2004Average price per gallon Americans would have paid for gasoline in March if U.S. gas taxes were as high as Europe's : $2.31
Source:

Energy Information Administration (Washington)/International Energy Agency (Paris)

Apr 2004Last year in which U.S. commercial crude-oil inventories were as low as they were in January : 1975
Source:

Energy Information Administration (Washington)

Jan 2004Rank of oil exports and money sent home by U.S. immigrants, respectively, among Mexico's largest sources of income : 1, 2
Source:

Bendixen & Associates (Miami)

Nov 2003Years it took the U.S. Geological Survey to conclude that Arctic refuge drilling would substantially reduce caribou: 12
Source:

U.S. Geological Survey (Juneau, Alaska)

Sep 2003 Price of the oil-field supplies sold to Iraq by two Halliburton subsidiaries during Cheney's tenure: $73,000,000
Source:

Washington Post, 6/23/01

Jun 2003Percentage change since in U.S. oil imports: +86
Source:

U.S. Department of Energy

May 2003Ratio of the price of a barrel of oil in March to the price of a body bag from the U.S. military's supplier: 1:1
Source:

Harper's research/Defense Supply Center (Philadelphia)

May 2003Estimated percentage by which the average U.S. gasoline price would rise if costs of securing oil were recouped with a tax: 29
Source:

Prof. Darwin C. Hall, California State University, Long Beach

May 2003Average number of days an oiled seabird survives in the wild after cleaning and release: 6
Source:

Brian E. Sharp, Ecological Perspectives (Portland, Oreg.)

Mar 2003Percentage change in the size of the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve under George W. Bush: +11
Source:

U.S. Department of Energy/Harper's research

Mar 2003Percentage change under Bill Clinton: -5
Source:

U.S. Department of Energy/Harper's research

Jan 2003Percentage of the $1.1 trillion in Iraqi oil contracts that are held by French or Russian companies: 69
Source:

International Energy Commission (Paris)

Oct 2002Amount of Iraq's oil revenue since 1996 spent on anything but humanitarian programs, Kuwaiti reparations, or U.N. costs: 0
Source:

United Nations (N.Y.C.)

Aug 2002Amount the Bush Administration paid this year to buy back oil and gas drilling leases off Florida's coast: $115,000,000
Source:

U.S. Department of the Interior

Aug 2002Months before the Florida gubernatorial election this year that President Bush announced the buybackoil and gas drilling leases off Florida's coast: 5
Source:

Harper's research

Jun 2002Barrels of oil required to raise U.S. cattle for beef each year: 155,000,000
Source:

U.S. Department of Agriculture/David Pimentel, Cornell University (Ithaca, N.Y.)

Apr 2002Estimated amount the United States spends each year safeguarding oil supplies in the Persian Gulf: $50,000,000,000
Source:

Council on Foreign Relations (N.Y.C.)

Apr 2002Estimated value of U.S. crude-oil imports from the Persian Gulf last year: $19,000,000,000
Source:

U.S. Energy Information Administration/Harper's research

Feb 2002Percentage of oil imported by the U.S. last year that came from Persian Gulf countries: 23
Source:

U.S. Department of Energy

Feb 2002Percentage of oil imported by the U.S. last year that came from Canada and Mexico: 27
Source:

U.S. Department of Energy

Dec 2001Maximum number of gallons of oil stored under the World Trade Center on a given day: 86,000
Source:

Department of Environmental Conservation, New York City

Jul 2001Amount by which the combined profits of the world's top ten oil companies in 2000 exceeded those in 1999: $29,000,000,000
Source:

Public Citizen (Washington)

Jul 2001"Signing bonus" that two oil companies paid Chad in April 2000 in order to join an oil-exploration project: $25,000,000
Source:

The World Bank (Washington)

Jun 2001Minimum number of accidental releases of chemicals or oil leading to deaths or injuries at U.S. work sites last year: 230
Source:

National Response Center (Washington)

Apr 2001Gallons by which daily U.S. oil consumption would drop if SUVs' average fuel efficiency increased by 3 mpg: 49,000,000
Source:

Sierra Club (Washington)

Apr 2001Gallons per day that the proposed drilling of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is projected to yield: 42,000,000
Source:

The White House

Jan 2001Number of laws or provisions that require U.S. oil companies to produce more heating oil in response to a shortage: 0
Source:

Energy Information Administration (Washington)

Jan 2001Percentage of Kuwait's freshwater supply still contaminated with oil spilled by Iraqi forces during the Gulf War: 40
Source:

Green Cross International (Geneva)

Dec 2000Ratio of the number of bushels of wheat one barrel of oil could buy in 1950 to the number it could buy today: 1:10
Source:

International Monetary Fund (N.Y.C.)/Worldwatch Institute (Washington)

Dec 2000Rank of the United States among the world's largest exporters of grain and importers of oil: 1
Source:

Worldwatch Institute (Washington)

Nov 2000Rank of the China National Petroleum Corporation among companies with the largest stake in the Sudanese oil industry: 1
Source:

Energy Intelligence Group (N.Y.C.)

Sep 2000Number of Chevron oil tankers named after Condoleezza Rice, George W. Bush's foreign-policy adviser: 1
Source:

Chevron Corporation (San Francisco)

Jun 2000Estimated barrels of oil illegally exported by Iraq last year: 8,100,000
Source:

U.N. Iraq Sanctions Committee (N.Y.C.)

May 2000Ratio of the average price of oil in the fall of 1979 to the price last February: 1:1
Source:

U.S. Department of Energy

Apr 2000Gallons of oil leaked into the Gulf of Mexico this year after an oil rig's anchor punctured an underwater pipeline: 94,500
Source:

Cutter Information Corp. (Arlington, Mass.)

Aug 1999Percentage of the medical supplies bought since 1996 under Iraq's oil-for-food program that has been distributed: 43
Source:

U.N. Security Council (N.Y.C.)

May 1999Number of the 25 species seriously affected by the 1989 Exxon Valdez Alaskan oil spill that have fully recovered: 2
Source:

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Counsel (Anchorage)

Mar 1999Percentage by which Iraq's oil sales last year fell short of the maximum allowed under U.N. sanctions: 22
Source:

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Mar 1999Rank of the U.S. among countries that bought the most oil from Iraq last year: 1
Source:

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Mar 1999Percentage change in Iraq's oil sales since 1997: +45
Source:

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Mar 1999Percentage change in total oil sales of other OPEC countries since 1997: -35
Source:

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Mar 1999Ratio of the price of a gallon of crude oil to the wholesale price of a gallon of Evian water: 1:11
Source:

U. S. Department of Energy/B&E Quality, Inc. (N.Y.C.)

Feb 1999Chances that a dollar spent on lobbying by a major oil company in 1997 came from Exxon or Mobil: 1 in 4
Source:

Center for Responsive Politics (Washington)

Aug 1998Number of bids received by the Russian government last May when it put its remaining national oil company up for sale: 0
Source:

Emerging Market Services (N.Y.C.)

Jun 1998Number of jars of Exxon Valdez oil sludge sold by the state of Alaska since last November to help pay cleanup costs: 850
Source:

Department of Environmental Conservation (Juneau)

June 28, 2008Farmers in Britain, under attack by fuel-poaching gangs, were creating secure collective fuel-storage compounds for their red diesel, which is used to power tractors. In West Sussex a man named Jon Ward put dogs in his garden and razor wire on his fences to keep thieves away from his heating oil. “Let the bastards try it now,” he said. “Shotgun is also at the ready.”
Source:

The Guardian

June 26, 2008The Supreme Court determined that Exxon need pay only $507.5 million (about four days' worth of recent profits) of the $5 billion in punitive damages initially awarded to victims of the 1989 “Valdez” oil spill.
Source 1:

CNN Money

Source 2:

AP via Yahoo! News

June 22, 2008 Oil reached a record $139.89 a barrel. Four Western companies met with Iraq's Oil Ministry to finalize no-bid contracts to tap Iraqi oil fields, and the Nigerian government distributed billions of dollars of windfall to corrupt state officials. Thirty-five countries and 25 oil companies met in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to try to fix global oil prices, which have caused strikes, riots, and inflation around the world. Many OPEC countries blamed speculators for the price increase, as did some representatives of oil companies and oil-dependent industries. United States Energy Secretary Sam Bodman blamed supply and demand, as did lobbyists for Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and the International Swaps and Derivatives Association.
Source 1:

ABC

Source 2:

AFP via Google

Source 3:

BBC

Source 4:

NYT

Source 5:

Jakarta Post

Source 6:

NYT

Source 7:

LAT

Source 8:

WP

Source 9:

AP via Mercury News

Source 10:

WYTV Ohio

Source 11:

Bloomberg

June 16, 2008King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia pledged to calm the world by raising his kingdom's oil production.
Source:

Independent

May 21, 2008 Oil rose above $130 a barrel.
Source:

AP

May 6, 2008 Oil exceeded $125 a barrel. Refined french-fry grease was 32 cents per pound, up 20 cents from 2006.
Source 1:

Bloomberg

Source 2:

BBC

Source 3:

The Christian Science Monitor

February 8, 2008Two independent studies concluded that biofuels were a threat to the planet.
Source:

New York Times

September 16, 2007A new British poll estimated that 1.2 million people had died so far in the war, and former Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan wished that politicians would admit that the war was “largely about oil.”
Source 1:

Times

Source 2:

Guardian

August 1, 2007The price of oil reached a new high.
Source:

AP via Yahoo!FINANCE

April 18, 2007A Stanford study concluded that pollution from ethanol could be a worse health hazard than that from gasoline.
Source:

San Francisco Gate

April 4, 2007 Fidel Castro called American biofuel policy an “internationalization of genocide.”
Source:

BBC News

March 23, 2007 Oil reached $62 per barrel.
Source:

Reuters UK

March 21, 2007 Al Gore returned to Capitol Hill to testify that global warming is a planetary emergency. Rep. Ed Markey of Massachusetts called Gore a prophet, and Rep. John Dingell of Michigan addressed him as “Mr. President.” Joe Barton of Texas, the leading Republican on the House Energy and Commerce Committee, told Gore he was “totally wrong” and that, if need be, Republican lawmakers would stay late for an “all-out cat fight” with Democrats. Ralph Hall, also of Texas, speculated that Gore's attack on the energy industry could result in war “when and if OPEC nations abandon the U.S.A.,” and Roscoe Bartlett (R., Md.) said that he thought it was “probably possible to be a conservative without appearing to be an idiot.
Source 1:

AP vie Breitbart

Source 2:

Huffington Post

January 9, 2007In the Persian Gulf, the USS Newport News, an American nuclear submarine, collided with the Mogamigawa, a Japanese oil tanker.
Source:

Boston Globe

January 9, 2007 Vladimir Putin threatened to cut Russia's oil production.
Source:

Business Week

November 17, 2006The price of oil stabilized.
Source:

BBC News

September 21, 2006 Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, speaking at the United Nations in New York, proclaimed his love for all the world's peoples, and suggested that the United States halt domestic fuel production and buy its energy from him “at a fifty percent discount.”
Source:

BBC News

August 30, 2006 Australian brothels were offering clients discounts based on their gasoline bills.
Source:

Reuters via Yahoo!

August 7, 2006Light, sweet crude was trading at $76.98 per barrel.
Source:

BBC News

June 27, 2006It was revealed that Hillary Clinton's ancestors were English coal miners.
Source:

Northern Echo

June 5, 2006 Oil rose to $73 a barrel.
Source:

AP via Drudge Report

June 2, 2006The United States announced that it would join 5 other nations in demanding that Iran immediately suspend uranium-enrichment activities, although the country would in the future be allowed to develop some civilian nuclear technologies. Iran said it would refuse to engage in talks unless all conditions were dropped, and Iranian supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said that the United States could endanger its oil supply if it makes a “wrong move” toward Iran.
Source 1:

The Washington Post

Source 2:

AP

Source 3:

The Daily Star

May 14, 2006The Air Force, under orders from Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, was researching alternative fuels for its jets. "Energy," said an Air Force representative, "is a national security issue."
Source:

The New York Times

May 13, 2006In Nigeria more than 150 people, some of them stealing fuel from a pipeline, died when the pipeline exploded. "By tomorrow," said a health commissioner, "we will dig a bigger ditch and bury them all."
Source:

Reuters

May 11, 2006 Gas in Venezuela was selling for $0.12 per gallon,
Source:

Reuters via Yahoo! News

April 26, 2006President George W. Bush pointed out that not drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge was depriving the United States of one million barrels of oil per day, and it was reported that Iraq's oil production had dropped by one million barrels per day since the U.S. invasion.
Source 1:

The New York Times

Source 2:

Beat the Press

April 20, 2006 Pawn-shop owners in Texas noted that more people were pawning their belongings in order to buy gas.
Source:

CBS11TV.com

March 21, 2006A ruptured British Petroleum oil pipeline in Alaska had leaked over 240,000 gallons of oil, much of it into the Arctic Ocean.
Source:

The Independent via Commondreams

February 24, 2006In Saudi Arabia, Al Qaeda attempted to bomb the Abqaiq oil facility but was thwarted. Two guards died in the attack.
Source 1:

BBC News

Source 2:

NineMSN

February 9, 2006Author Michael Crichton received a journalism award from the American Association of Petroleum Geologists for his novel State of Fear, which criticizes the theory of global warming. "It is fiction," said a spokesman for the petroleum geologists, "but it has the absolute ring of truth."
Source:

The New York Times

February 3, 2006U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld compared Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez to Adolf Hitler because both Chavez and Hitler were elected legally and then "consolidated power." He also pointed out that Chavez has "a lot of oil money."
Source:

MSNBC

January 31, 2006During the State of the Union address President Bush announced that America is "addicted to oil" and vowed to replace "more than 75 percent of our oil imports from the Middle East by 2025." Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman said that this promise was not meant to be taken literally. "This," he said, "was purely an example."
Source 1:

The White House

Source 2:

Knight Ridder

January 31, 2006 ExxonMobil announced that it had a $36.1 billion profit in 2005, more than any company in any year ever, then announced that its profits were actually moderate. Royal Dutch Shell also reported record profits.
Source 1:

The Seattle Times

Source 2:

BBC News

January 30, 2006U.S. auditors found that of $120 million in Iraqi oil revenue allocated to fund reconstruction $97 million had gone missing.
Source:

The Los Angeles Times

January 6, 2006 oil rose to $64 a barrel.
Source:

Reuters

January 3, 2006 Russia shut down a natural-gas pipeline to Ukraine; as a result, natural-gas supplies were diminished in Hungary, France, Italy, Poland, and Germany.
Source:

BBC News

December 5, 2005A conference on global warming was held in Montreal. The United States was represented by Harlan Watson, whose appointment as U.S. climate negotiator was suggested by ExxonMobil; Watson's presence led to complaints by environmentalists.
Source:

The Washington Post

November 25, 2005State-controlled Venezuelan oil company Citgo announced that it would provide over 11 million gallons of oil to poor people in Boston and New York.
Source:

The Sydney Morning Herald

November 17, 2005A White House document showed that executives from large oil firms met with Vice President Dick Cheney's energy task force in 2001; the document was released a week after representatives from those firms testified before a Senate committee that they had not met with the task force.
Source:

CNN.com

November 12, 2005 Kuwait’s largest oil field began to run out of oil.
Source:

AMEInfo.com

October 24, 2005A new Swedish passenger train was being praised because it runs on the entrails of dead cows.
Source:

BBC News

September 26, 2005In the wake of Hurricane Rita, which damaged a number of oil refineries, President George W. Bush called on Americans to conserve gas. "I mean," he said, "people just need to recognize that the storms have caused disruption and that if they're able to maybe not drive when they--on a trip that's not essential, that would helpful."
Source:

The White House

September 9, 2005Up to 3.7 million gallons of crude oil leaked into the lower Mississippi River.
Source:

Democracy Now!

August 31, 2005 President Bush declared that U.S. troops needed to stay in Iraq to keep the country’s oil out of the hands of terrorists.
Source:

The White House

August 29, 2005 Oil prices reached $70.80 a barrel.
Source:

The New York Times

July 22, 2005Thirty-six people were killed in Yemen during riots over fuel prices.
Source:

BBC News

July 15, 2005Concern over storms in the Gulf of Mexico led to an increase in oil prices.
Source:

Reuters

April 29, 2005 Venezuela opened a new branch of its state oil company in Cuba.
Source:

Reuters

March 24, 2005Fifteen people died in an explosion at a BP oil refinery in Texas.
Source:

AP

March 21, 2005 United States gas prices reached a record high.
Source:

Christian Science Monitor

March 16, 2005The Senate passed a resolution that will permit drilling for oil in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Source:

The New York Times

March 16, 2005The Department of Homeland Security was preparing for: the detonation of a ten-kiloton nuclear device; a biological attack with aerosolized anthrax; an outbreak of pneumonic plague; a flu pandemic starting in south China; the spraying of a chemical blister agent over a football stadium; an attack on an oil refinery; the explosion of a tank of chlorine; a 7.2-magnitude earthquake; a major hurricane in a metropolitan area; three Cesium-137 dirty bombs going off in three different cities, each contaminating thirty-six city blocks; the detonation of improvised bombs in sports stadiums and emergency rooms; liquid anthrax in ground beef; a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak; and a cyber attack on the nation's financial infrastructure.
Source:

The New York Times

February 18, 2005Lawrence Rawl, head of Exxon during the Valdez spill, died from Alzheimer's.
Source:

Contra Costa Times

February 17, 2005A tanker spilled thirteen tons of oil into Tunisian waters.
Source:

BBC News

February 13, 2005 Congress was once more casting its eye towards the oil in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Source:

Washington Post

January 9, 2005 Halliburton, operating through a subsidiary in the Cayman Islands, was to start drilling for oilin Iran.
Source:

Reuters

December 25, 2004 Cuba discovered a new crude oil deposit off the coast near Havana.
Source:

Newsday

December 15, 2004The United Nations reported that there had been widespread smuggling of oil out of Iraq under the Coalition Provisional Authority,
Source:

New York Times

November 22, 2004A tanker spilled 44,909 gallons of oil off the coast of Newfoundland.
Source:

CBC News

November 11, 2004Scientists noted that Arctic warming could make it easier to find oil.
Source:

Reuters

November 11, 2004Shell Oil opened the first hydrogen refueling station in North America.
Source:

Guardian

September 24, 2004 Nigerian rebels threatened to attack oil wells in the Niger delta.
Source:

Reuters

September 24, 2004Crude oil closed at $48.88 a barrel, a new record.
Source:

Bloomberg

August 27, 2004 Iraqi saboteurs attacked two oil pipelines.
Source:

Reuters

August 20, 2004 Oil prices rose above $49.
Source:

Agence France-Presse

August 12, 2004crude oil prices were at record levels.
Source:

Forbes

August 7, 2004fewer jobs were being created, crude oil prices reached a record high of $44.41,
Source:

New York Times

August 3, 2004analysts at Deutsche Bank warned that oil prices could rise to $100 a barrel.
Source:

Scotsman

July 16, 2004An audit of the Coalition Provisional Authority found that American officials did not know how much oil Iraq was producing or how oil revenues were being spent, and
Source:

USA Today

June 16, 2004Oil exports from Iraq's main oil terminal were shut down because of two explosions, at least one of which was caused by a bombing. Officials said that the cost of the shutdown could reach $1 billion.
Source:

San Jose Mercury News

June 10, 2004Iraqi militants attacked oil pipelines near Kirkuk.
Source:

New York Times

June 4, 2004 Microsoft patented the "double-click."
Source:

New Scientist

May 23, 2004 Oil prices were still near $40 a barrel, and OPEC rejected a Saudi Arabian proposal to increase oil production.
Source:

New York Times

May 13, 2004Crude oil prices were over $40 a barrel.
Source:

New York Times

January 29, 2004A federal judge tried for the third time to impose punitive damages on the Exxon Mobil Corporation for the Exxon Valdez oil spill fifteen years ago; Exxon Mobil said it would appeal the $4.5 billion judgment.
Source:

New York Times

AUGUST 2008

THE WRECKING CREW
How a Gang of Right-Wing Con Men Destroyed Washington and Made a Killing
By Thomas Frank

THE MANDARINS
American Foreign Policy, Brought to You by China
By Ken Silverstein

JACK
A story by Marilynne Robinson

Also: WILLIAM H. GASS on Henry James