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Corruption

Jan 2005Estimated value of a diamond-and-sapphire jewelry set given to Laura Bush in 2003 by the Saudi crown prince : $95,500
Source:

U.S. Department of State

Dec 2004Revenue generated by Halliburton under CEO Dick Cheney from business deals with Iraq under Saddam Hussein : $30,000,000
Source:

Colum Lynch, Washington Post (N.Y.C.)

Dec 2004Value of the Halliburton shares owned by New York City's Fire Department Pension Fund : $3,359,095
Source:

Office of the Comptroller (N.Y.C.)

Dec 2004Number of companies in which Tom Ridge holds stock that have a contract with the Department of Homeland Security : 7
Source:

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Dec 2004Ratio of U.S. arms dealers' campaign contributions made since January 2001 to Democrats to those made to Republicans : 1:2
Source:

PoliticalMoneyLine (Washington)

Oct 2004Days a House committee postponed July hearings on antidepressants while its chair considered a pharmaceutical-lobbyist job : 50
Source:

Congressman Jim Greenwood’s Office (Washington)

Oct 2004Number of the 5 Republicans investigating Rep. Tom DeLay on ethics charges who have taken donations from his PAC : 4
Source:

Federal Election Commission (Washington)

Sep 2004Minimum number of ex-senior government officials who have worked for a major U.S. defense contractor since 1997 : 176
Source:

Project on Government Oversight (Washington)/Harper's research

Sep 2004Chance that one of them was a member of Congress who became a registered lobbyist : 1 in 4
Source:

Project on Government Oversight (Washington)/Harper's research

Jul 2004Amount NBC's parent company, General Electric, stands to earn from Iraq's reconstruction : $600,000,000
Source:

General Electric (Fairfield, Conn.)

Jun 2004Minimum U.S. spending on missile defense each year since President Reagan's 1983 "Star Wars" speech : $2,700,000,000
Source:

Office of Sen. Jack Reed (Washington)

Jun 2004Number of the ten missile-defense components to be deployed this fall that have been field-tested as a system : 0
Source:

General Accounting Office (Washington)/Council for a Livable World (Washington)

Jun 2004Estimated value of a painting that the Saudi ambassador has given George W. Bush for his future presidential library : $1,000,000
Source:

National Archives & Records Administration (Washington)

Jun 2004Value of the solid-gold model of a Saudi fortress on display in his father's presidential library : $1,000,000
Source:

George Bush Presidential Library and Museum (College Station, Tex.)

Mar 2004Amount earmarked by the House last December to create an indoor rain forest in Iowa : $50,000,000
Source:

Iowa Environmental/Educational Project (Des Moines)

Mar 2004Ratio of 2004 Bush campaign donations from Merrill Lynch employees to those from Bechtel employees : 60:1
Source:

Center for Responsive Politics (Washington)

January 23, 2007Apple CEO Steve Jobs was questioned by federal investigators about his role in an options backdating scandal.
Source:

Reuters via eweek.com

December 17, 2006It was revealed that Senator Bill Frist's AIDS charity had paid almost a half-million dollars in consulting fees to Frist's political friends.
Source:

CBS News

December 11, 2006It was revealed that billions of dollars in Iraqi oil revenues had not been spent, and the head of Iraq's Commission on Public Integrity was accused of graft.
Source:

NYT

November 12, 2006Zama Ndebele, the wife of Premier S'bu Ndebele of the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal, promised to return her herd of Nguni cattle to the state in the wake of a cows-for-favors corruption scandal.
Source 1:

Business Day

Source 2:

IOL

October 23, 2006Former Enron CEO Jeff Skilling was sentenced to 24 years in jail. “I feel terrible about what happened,” Skilling said, referring to the company's collapse, which cost investors and employees more than $62 billion in devalued stock and pension plans. “That's not to say I did something wrong.”
Source:

New York Times

August 15, 2006Dan Halutz, chief of staff of the Israeli Defense Forces, was under fire for selling all of his stocks in the hours before the war began.
Source 1:

The Wall Street Journal

Source 2:

The New York Times

Source 3:

The Daily Telegraph (UK)

Source 4:

The New York Times

Source 5:

Breitbart.com

August 1, 2006The Senate Permanent Investigations subcommittee reported that law enforcement agencies were powerless to prevent the super-rich from cheating on their taxes.
Source:

NY Times

May 12, 2006The FBI searched the home of former number-three CIA official Kyle "Dusty" Foggo; Foggo is under investigation for his relationship with defense contractors linked to the Randy "Duke" Cunningham bribery scandal.
Source:

Bloomberg.com

May 12, 2006In South Korea stem-cell researcher Hwang Woo-suk was indicted for fraud, embezzlement, and violation of bioethics laws.
Source:

CNN.com

May 5, 2006 CIA Director Porter Goss resigned, as did Goss appointee Kyle "Dusty" Foggo, the executive director of the CIA; Foggo is under investigation for his relationship to two defense contractors who allegedly bribed former congressman Randy "Duke" Cunningham and Pentagon officials.
Source 1:

AP via Breitbart.com

Source 2:

UPI

Source 3:

ABC News

April 27, 2006It was reported that lobbyists had once provided former (now imprisoned) Representative Randy "Duke" Cunningham with free limousine service, free access to hotel suites, and the services of prostitutes; it was also reported that the limousine service that was used to ferry the prostitutes had received a contract worth $21 million from the Department of Homeland Security.
Source 1:

The Wall Street Journal

Source 2:

Sign On San Diego

April 22, 2006Representative Alan B. Mollohan (D., W.Va.), whose real estate holdings and other assets reportedly rose in value from $562,000 to at least $6.3 million between 2000 and 2004, temporarily stepped down from the House ethics committee after being accused of misusing funds.
Source:

The Washington Post

April 8, 2006It emerged that I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby told a grand jury that when he leaked classified information favorable to the case for war in Iraq to New York Times reporter Judith Miller, he was acting under the specific authorization of President Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney. Bush authorized the leak even though the intelligence in question (regarding Saddam Hussein's nuclear ambitions) was considered unreliable by key administration members such as then Secretary of State Colin Powell.
Source:

The New York Times

March 17, 2006A government study found that FEMA had wasted millions of dollars in the Hurricane Katrina recovery effort; among other things the organization was accused of spending $3 million for 4,000 beds that were never used and awarding hundreds of contracts without competitive bidding.
Source:

Democracy Now

February 11, 2006Despite White House claims that President Bush could not remember meeting lobbyist Jack Abramoff, Abramoff said that he had met the President almost a dozen times and that they had shared personal jokes. Abramoff's claim was at least partially substantiated when a 2001 photo was published showing Bush meeting with Abramoff client Raul Garza, also known as Makateonenodua ("Black buffalo"), the then-chairman of the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas. In the photo Garza, who was later indicted for embezzling over $300,000 from the Kickapoo, is shaking the president's hand while Abramoff stands in the background, smiling.
Source:

Time

February 2, 2006Representative John Boehner (R., Ohio), who belongs to a male-only golf club, whose political-action committee took money from Jack Abramoff but did not return it after Abramoff was indicted, and who in 1995 handed out checks from tobacco-company lobbyists on the House floor, was elected via instant runoff voting to replace Tom DeLay as House Majority Leader. The Republican Party, said Boehner, "must act swiftly to restore the trust between Congress and the American people." Boehner also said that he had "a very open relationship with lobbyists in town." "We are," said Representative Michael Oxley (R., Ohio), "somewhat tilting at windmills."
Source 1:

The New York Times

Source 2:

Bloomberg.com

Source 3:

The Nation via Yahoo! News

Source 4:

Sign On San Diego

January 30, 2006U.S. auditors found that of $120 million in Iraqi oil revenue allocated to fund reconstruction $97 million had gone missing.
Source:

The Los Angeles Times

January 29, 2006The White House refused to release photographs of President Bush with lobbyist Jack Abramoff, despite requests from Senate and House Republicans.
Source:

Reuters

January 29, 2006It was reported that one quarter of the Bush Administration's $15 billion in AIDS-fighting money had been given to religious groups.
Source:

AP via Yahoo! News

December 18, 2005 Senator Harry Reid said the current U.S. Congress was “the most corrupt in history.”
Source:

Reuters

December 16, 2005Columnist Doug Bandow resigned from his position as a Cato Institute Fellow after it was revealed that he had accepted money from lobbyist Jack Abramoff for writing between 12 and 24 newspaper columns favorable to Abramoff's clients. Peter Ferrara, a senior policy advisor at the Institute for Policy Innovation, said that he had also taken money from Abramoff to write op-ed pieces, but felt no remorse. “I do that all the time,” he explained.
Source:

Business Week

November 28, 2005 Representative Randy “Duke” Cunningham (R., Calif.) confessed to taking $2.4 million in bribes and resigned from office.
Source:

CNN.com

November 25, 2005It was revealed that the investigation into illegal payoffs made by lobbyist Jack Abramoff involves not only Representative Tom DeLay (R., Texas), but Representative Bob Ney (R., Ohio), Representative John Doolittle (R., Calif.), Senator Conrad Burns (R., Mont.), 17 current and former Congressional aides, and two former Bush Administration officials.
Source:

Reuters

November 25, 2005Diepreye Alamieyeseigha, governor of Bayelsa State, Nigeria, denied that, in order to avoid money-laundering charges, he had fled from the U.K. disguised in a dress.
Source:

BBC News

November 4, 2005Emails showed that in 2002 U.S. Representative Tom DeLay asked lobbyist Jack Abramoff to raise money for him through a charitable foundation.
Source:

Bloomberg News

May 26, 2005The nine members of Thailand's anti-corruption commission were found guilty of corruption.
Source:

Reuters

January 9, 2005 Donations to the Bush inauguration reached $18 million,
Source:

The Washington Post

December 16, 2004Representative Billy Tauzin, an author of the House Medicare Drug Law, announced that he will become a lobbyist for the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America.
Source:

New York Times

November 6, 2004The FDA announced that it will hire a scientific review agency to determine whether the nation's drug safety system is working.
Source:

New York Times

November 5, 2004"Let me put it to you this way," he said. "I earned capital in the campaign, political capital, and now I intend to spend it."
Source:

New York Times

November 1, 2004A federal judge said that political parties in Ohio may not station challengers at polling places and said that to do so would create a "substantial likelihood that significant harm will result not only to voters, but also to the voting process itself."
Source:

Associated Press

October 25, 2004The chief contracting officer for the Army Corps of Engineers called for an investigation of how Halliburton was awarded large government contracts for work in Iraq.
Source:

New York Times

October 21, 2004Transparency International announced that Iraq is among the most corrupt countries on Earth.
Source:

New York Times

October 15, 2004New York attorney general Eliot Spitzer was going after corruption in the insurance industry.
Source:

Guardian

October 7, 2004House majority leader Tom DeLay was again rebuked by the House Ethics Committee for having "created an appearance that donors were being provided special access to you regarding" pending legislation.
Source:

New York Times

October 1, 2004Representative Tom DeLay was "admonished" by the House ethics committee for trying to bribe a colleague to change his vote on a bill.
Source:

New York Times

August 18, 2004The U.S. Army announced that it will withhold 15 percent of the fees billed by the Halliburton Company but almost immediately decided to "withhold" the decision pending further review.
Source:

New York Times

May 20, 2004The EPA approved an air-pollution rule on formaldehyde emissions based on a cancer risk model created by the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology; the new standard is 10,000 times weaker than the EPA's previous regulation for such emissions.
Source:

Los Angeles Times

April 17, 2004In Italy, Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi's corruption trial resumed; three months ago the Constitutional Court ruled that the law that was passed to protect Berlusconi from bribery charges was unconstitutional.
Source:

New York Times

March 28, 2004 Israel's state prosecutor recommended that Prime Minister Ariel Sharon be indicted for taking bribes from a real-estate developer and submitted a draft indictment to the attorney general.
Source:

Reuters

March 26, 2004It was found that health-care lobbyists spent $237 million lobbying Congress in 2000, more than every other industry combined; drug companies spent $96 million, quite a bit more than other medical sectors.
Source:

Case Western Reserve University

March 15, 2004Congressional Republicans were beginning to show signs of resistance to President Bush's spendthrift policies. "We have been out of control for the last three years," said Senator Trent Lott. "We kind of got a little carried away."
Source:

New York Times

March 11, 2004The Pentagon was still paying $340,000 a month to the Iraqi National Congress, the exile group that provided much of the discredited intelligence used to justify the invasion of Iraq.
Source:

New York Times

March 4, 2004The inspector general of the USDA opened a criminal investigation into whether the Washington State mad cow was falsely listed as a downer; the man who killed the cow, the man who took the cow to slaughter, and the owner of the slaughterhouse have all said that the cow was able to walk. A spokeswoman for the agency said that she could not "fathom" the notion that a high-ranking USDA official could have ordered the falsification, though she did not deny the charge but simply repeated that she could not "fathom" it.
Source:

New York Times

February 24, 2004A study of the stock portfolios of U.S. senators found that first-time senators beat the market by 20 percent on average; the portfolios of all senators averaged 12 percent better than the market.
Source:

New York Times

February 23, 2004 Halliburton, the former employer of Vice President Dick Cheney, was running television commercials pleading that its lucrative government contracts in Iraq were granted "because of what we know, not who we know."
Source:

New York Times

February 6, 2004 Israeli police questioned Prime Minister Ariel Sharon in connection with a bribery investigation.
Source:

New York Times

February 4, 2004 Halliburton agreed to repay the government for $27.4 million in overcharges for military meals.
Source:

Washington Post

February 2, 2004 Yasir Arafat expressed disbelief at Ariel Sharon's plan to remove 17 settlements from Gaza, right-wing politicians were outraged, and one political ally suggested that the prime minister was merely trying to distract attention from corruption scandals that could result in his indictment.
Source:

Guardian, Ha'aretz

January 31, 2004Alain Juppé, the former prime minister of France, was convicted of corruption.
Source:

New York Times

January 23, 2004Vice President Dick Cheney defended Halliburton, which continues to pay him a salary, from what he said were "desperate attacks" by opponents of the Bush Administration. "They're rendering great service," he said. "They do it because they're good at it, because they won the contract to do it. And frankly the company takes a certain amount of pride in rendering this kind of service to U.S. military forces."
Source:

CNN

January 23, 2004 Halliburton, which received most of its Iraq contracts by administrative fiat rather than through a competitive bidding process, admitted that its employees in Iraq have accepted $6.3 million in kickbacks.
Source:

CNN

January 22, 2004There was speculation that Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon might soon be indicted for taking bribes.
Source:

New York Times

January 17, 2004 Mississippi was declared the most corrupt state in the nation.
Source:

Associated Press

January 14, 2004 Italy's constitutional court struck down a law that gave Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi immunity from prosecution, a ruling that will revive the corruption charges the law was written to nullify.
Source:

Washington Post

December 30, 2003Eight aides to President Roh Moo Hyun of South Korea were indicted for illegal fund-raising.
Source:

Reuters

December 28, 2003Parmalat, the Italian dairy company, went bankrupt and its founder, Calisto Tanzi, was arrested on suspicion of fraud.
Source:

Telegraph

December 20, 2003It was reported that the omnibus spending bill passed by the House of Representatives this month includes $23 billion in "earmarks" such as $50 million for an indoor rain forest in Iowa and $225,000 to repair a swimming pool in Sparks, Nevada. Jim Gibbons, a Republican representative, explained that the funding came about because he felt guilty for clogging up that pool with tadpoles when he was a boy. "Look," Gibbons said in defense of his earmark, "this is the standard practice the United States Congress has had for decades." Gibbons said he did not view such projects "as pork."
Source:

New York Times

December 17, 2003A federal district judge overturned the Bush Administration's decision to discard the Clinton Administration's ban on snowmobiles in Yellowstone National Park and said that the Bush decision was arbitrary and "politically driven."
Source:

New York Times

December 15, 2003Several officials in Las Vegas were in trouble for accepting bribes from a strip-club operator. "There's a tendency on the part of people to think politicians are inherently corrupt," said the mayor. "That's unfair, but it's a fact."
Source:

New York Times

December 12, 2003The Pentagon accused Halliburton, which recently removed its name from outside its corporate headquarters in Houston, of overcharging for gasoline in Iraq.
Source:

Reuters

December 11, 2003The United States Supreme Court upheld the McCain-Feingold campaign finance reform law, which bans unlimited political contributions to political parties. The majority concluded that "it was not unwarranted for Congress to conclude that the selling of access gives rise to the appearance of corruption."
Source:

New York Times

December 10, 2003U.S. Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz decreed that Canada, Germany, France, Russia, and other nations that opposed the conquest of Iraq will be ineligible for $18.6 billion in reconstruction contracts. The announcement was greeted with astonishment by the blacklisted countries; Russia said that it would now refuse to consider restructuring Iraq's $8 billion debt, and Canada said the decision would probably rule out further reconstruction aid.
Source:

Boston Globe

December 3, 2003Thomas Scully, the federal official who runs Medicare, was preparing to take a job in the private sector, probably with a company that will directly benefit from the new bill, which he helped draft.
Source:

New York Times

November 30, 2003 Georgia's new rulers, who overthrew Eduard Shevardnadze because they were tired of living in one of the most corrupt nations on earth, began hiring their friends and relatives for important government positions.
Source:

New York Times

November 29, 2003 Congress approved a major Medicare bill that permits the elderly to buy prescription drug coverage; few citizens were able to understand the plan, though the health-care industry appeared to be well pleased by it. The legislation was endorsed by AARP, which nowadays makes a great deal of money selling health-care products to its members, and consumer advocates denounced it as "a classic election-year giveaway." Some experts predicted a revolt among the elderly once the plan takes effect in 2006 and the true costs of reform become clear.
Source:

New York Times

November 6, 2003Lawyers at the Environmental Protection Agency announced that they were dropping lawsuits against 50 power plants for violating the Clean Air Act, because newly weakened enforcement rules have undermined the cases.
Source:

New York Times

November 1, 2003 Argentina's presidential jet was grounded, forcing President Néstor Kirchner to take a commercial flight, after two of his three pilots were removed as part of a crackdown on corruption.
Source:

Reuters

October 31, 2003A new study from the Center for Public Integrity revealed that the 70 companies that have benefited the most from $8 billion in government contracts in Iraq and Afghanistan collectively contributed more than $500,000 to President Bush's 2000 presidential campaign.
Source:

Boston Globe, New York Times

October 31, 2003Congressional negotiators stripped a measure criminalizing war profiteering from the final version of the $87 billion spending bill for Iraq.
Source:

U.S. Newswire, Office of Sen. Patrick Leahy

October 31, 2003 Israeli police questioned Prime Minister Ariel Sharon for seven hours as part of two corruption investigations.
Source:

New York Times

October 17, 2003George Akerlof, a Nobel laureate in economics, described the Bush Administration's budget policies as "a form of looting."
Source:

New York Times

May 14, 2008-11:16 AM Major G.O.P. and Democratic Donor Questioned in Israeli Corruption ProbeBy Ken Silverstein
July 24, 2007-7:32 AM Corporate Corruption and the Bush Justice DepartmentBy Scott Horton
July 20, 2007-9:58 AM An Exchange on GeorgiaBy Ken Silverstein
July 19, 2007-12:38 PM Lieutenant Gustl Visits AlabamaBy Scott Horton
July 18, 2007-2:09 PM Kazakhstan Recruits American Supporters to “Monitor” Its ElectionBy Ken Silverstein
July 16, 2007-9:14 PM Making Murder RespectableBy Scott Horton
July 16, 2007-10:00 AM I Accuse… 44 Attorneys General Demand an Inquiry Into the Siegelman ProsecutionBy Scott Horton
July 13, 2007-1:26 PM Noel Hillman and the Siegelman CaseBy Scott Horton
July 11, 2007-2:37 PM Update on SiegelmanBy Scott Horton
July 5, 2007-2:41 PM Outsourcing IntelligenceBy Scott Horton
July 2, 2007- 12:15 AM Javert in AlabamaBy Scott Horton
June 30, 2007-9:03 AM Delivering a Verdict on a Corrupt ProsecutionBy Scott Horton
June 27, 2007-2:44 PM Fredo the Fraidy CatBy Scott Horton
June 27, 2007-11:30 AM Bush and the Lord of the SteppeBy Scott Horton
June 26, 2007-11:45 PM Prosecution Continues to Disintegrate in Siegelman CaseBy Scott Horton
June 26, 2007-4:09 PM Republicans Want Justice, TooBy Scott Horton
June 25, 2007-6:53 PM The 41 per cent DilemmaBy Scott Horton
June 24, 2007-10:40 PM Lobby Shops for Turkmenistan: Will lie for moneyBy Ken Silverstein
June 24, 2007-6:54 AM Justice in AlabamaBy Scott Horton
June 23, 2007-9:54 AM Their Men in WashingtonBy Scott Horton
June 22, 2007- 12:54 AM Brad Schlozman’s “Good Americans”By Scott Horton
June 21, 2007-8:22 AM Write Congress to Right JusticeBy Scott Horton
June 18, 2007-8:27 AM Fallout from Politicization of U.S. Attorneys in the CourtsBy Scott Horton
June 17, 2007-3:46 PM U.S. Attorneys Scandal—Birmingham and MontgomeryBy Scott Horton
June 17, 2007-3:45 PM U.S. Attorneys Scandal—MilwaukeeBy Scott Horton
June 16, 2007-8:39 AM The Rise of a New Mercenary IndustryBy Scott Horton
June 9, 2007-6:39 PM Abramoff and “Justice” in the Heart of DixieBy Scott Horton
June 7, 2007-10:09 AM U.S. Attorneys Scandal—Birmingham and MontgomeryBy Scott Horton
June 7, 2007-9:56 AM Cheney and the Corruption of the Justice DepartmentBy Scott Horton
June 6, 2007-11:41 AM One Lump or Two? Uzbek dictator’s daughter wipes out competing tea firm with “brain” and “muscle”By Ken Silverstein
June 5, 2007-7:57 AM U.S. Attorneys Scandal—San DiegoBy Scott Horton
June 5, 2007-7:57 AM U.S. Attorney’s Scandal—Birmingham and MontgomeryBy Scott Horton
June 1, 2007-5:23 PM U.S. Attorneys Scandal—BirminghamBy Scott Horton
June 1, 2007-12:48 PM U.S. Attorneys Scandal—Little Rock and Kansas CityBy Scott Horton
June 1, 2007-7:12 AM A Return to ‘The Age of Scandal’By Scott Horton
May 31, 2007-8:02 AM Sen. Ted Stevens Subject of FBI InvestigationBy Scott Horton
May 30, 2007-12:59 PM Bush’s Fiscal IncompetenceBy Scott Horton
May 29, 2007-7:26 AM The Blackberry DefenseBy Scott Horton
May 28, 2007-11:56 AM The Corruption Within JusticeBy Scott Horton
May 21, 2007-3:49 PM Governor Spitzer on Gonzales and the Corruption at DOJBy Scott Horton
May 15, 2007-8:48 AM The Verdict is In: Wolfowitz Found GuiltyBy Scott Horton
May 14, 2007-3:11 PM Musharraf’s EndgameBy Scott Horton
May 14, 2007-11:44 AM U.S. Attorneys Scandal—Kansas CityBy Scott Horton
May 13, 2007-10:12 AM U.S. Attorneys Scandal—San DiegoBy Scott Horton
May 12, 2007-11:06 AM U.S. Attorneys Scandal—West VirginiaBy Scott Horton
May 11, 2007-7:40 PM Obstructing Congress, Pentagon EditionBy Scott Horton
May 11, 2007-2:49 PM Washington Insiders Lend Helping Hand to “Princess of Uzbeks”By Ken Silverstein
May 11, 2007-7:44 AM Former U.S. Attorneys Describe Disgust Over Gonzales, Predict Mass Exodus from DOJBy Scott Horton
May 10, 2007-8:51 AM Pay No Attention to the Man Behind The CurtainBy Scott Horton
May 9, 2007-1:37 PM Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?By Scott Horton
May 9, 2007-11:34 AM U.S. Attorneys Scandal—GuamBy Scott Horton
May 9, 2007-11:31 AM U.S. Attorneys Scandal—Kansas CityBy Scott Horton
May 7, 2007-10:41 AM SIGIR RoastBy Ken Silverstein

AUGUST 2008

THE WRECKING CREW
How a Gang of Right-Wing Con Men Destroyed Washington and Made a Killing
By Thomas Frank

THE MANDARINS
American Foreign Policy, Brought to You by China
By Ken Silverstein

JACK
A story by Marilynne Robinson

Also: WILLIAM H. GASS on Henry James