Economics

SUBJECT OF

ARTICLES (26)
REVIEWS (13)
FACTS (59)
EVENTS (161)
FICTION (2)
JOKES (2)

24-27	December 2008 Readings/Article Rabbi is rich By Levi Brackman and Sam Jaffe SEE ALSO: Bible. O.T. Pentateuch; Criticism, interpretation, etc.; Economics; Entrepreneurship; Jewish capitalists and financiers; Judaism; Success in business PDF TEXT IMAGES
33-38	May 2005 Article Let there be markets: The evangelical roots of economics By Gordon Bigelow SEE ALSO: Economics; Evangelicalism; Free enterprise; Sociological aspects PDF FREE TEXT IMAGES
11-14	December 1998 Notebook/Article Sucking at straws By Lewis H. Lapham SEE ALSO: Congresses; Economics; Financial crises; International finance PDF IMAGES
23-26	March 1997 Readings/Article The gospel according to Greenspan By Edward Luttwak SEE ALSO: Banks and banking, Central; Economics; Inflation (Finance) PDF IMAGES
9-11	February 1997 Notebook/Article Economic correctness By Lewis H. Lapham SEE ALSO: Conservatism; Economics; Glossaries, vocabularies, etc.; 1980- PDF IMAGES
18-22	March 1995 Readings/Article Weighing the human interest rate By Robert L. Heilbroner SEE ALSO: Economics; Economists PDF IMAGES
56-63	May 1993 Capital letter/Article Why the deficit is a godsend: And five other economic heresies By Walter Russell Mead SEE ALSO: Economics; Economists; 1981-; 1993- PDF IMAGES
34-39	October 1988 Readings/Article Quabbin By Nicholas Knowles Bromell SEE ALSO: Consciousness; Economics; Thoreau, Henry David; Philosophy; Walking PDF IMAGES
34-37	October 1978 Washington/Article Exploring pettifoggery: American trade and regulation add up to a deficit By Tom Bethell SEE ALSO: Economics; Environmental aspects; Financial institutions, International; Foreign trade regulation PDF IMAGES
5	October 1975 Wraparound/Article Grades for sale SEE ALSO: Auctions; Career as college teacher; Colorado; Denver; Economics; Grading and marking (Students); Rock, Michael PDF IMAGES
27-36	July 1975 Article The dismal religion By Saul S. Friedman SEE ALSO: Economics; Economists; 1971-1981 PDF IMAGES
9	November 1973 Wraparound/Article Translation By Marshall McLuhan SEE ALSO: Economics; Money; Sociological aspects PDF IMAGES
12	November 1973 Wraparound/Article Green energy By Chogyam Trungpa SEE ALSO: Economics; Finance, Personal; Money PDF IMAGES
91-96	July 1946 Article Silvio Gesell and free private enterprise By George Richmond Walker SEE ALSO: Economics; Free enterprise; Gesell, Silvio; Views on free enterprise PDF IMAGES
48-58	December 1937 Article Word-trouble among the economists By Stuart Chase SEE ALSO: Abstraction; Economics; Methodology; Semantics PDF IMAGES
643-652	November 1937 Article The economics of the founding fathers By Abram Lincoln Harris SEE ALSO: Hamilton, Alexander; Franklin, Benjamin; Economics; Madison, James; Adams, John; Jefferson, Thomas; Views on economics PDF IMAGES
83-92	June 1936 Article The anatomy of frustration: Part III. Why we are frustrated By H.G. (Herbert George) Wells SEE ALSO: Economics; Peace PDF IMAGES
713-716	May 1936 The lion's mouth/Article Economics gets religion By James Henry Gray SEE ALSO: Economics; Social reformers PDF IMAGES
501-505	March 1932 The lion's mouth/Article The religious attitude to economics By Francis Pitcairn SEE ALSO: Economics; Religious life and customs PDF IMAGES
529-537	April 1930 Article Diminishing returns in modern life: A word to the apostles of progress By James Truslow Adams SEE ALSO: City and town life; Cost and standard of living; Democracy; Economics; Quality of life PDF IMAGES
683-689	May 1925 Article Preventing business depressions and booms: The new method of scientific planning By Carl Snyder SEE ALSO: Business cycles; Depressions; Economic forecasting; Economics; Methodology; 1865-1918 PDF IMAGES
185-190	July 1891 Article Christianity and socialism By J.M. (James Monroe) Buckley SEE ALSO: Christianity; Economics PDF IMAGES
99-110	December 1860 Article “Unto this last.” IV.—Ad valorem By John Ruskin SEE ALSO: Capitalism; Ricardo, David; Economics; Ruskin, John; Mill, John Stuart; Overpopulation; Political and social views; Value; Views on David Ricardo; Views on economics; Views on John Stuart Mill PDF IMAGES
816-822	November 1860 Article “Unto this last.” III.—Qui judicatis terram By John Ruskin SEE ALSO: Business ethics; Capitalism; Economics; Ruskin, John; Political and social views; Socialism PDF IMAGES
685-689	October 1860 Article “Unto this last.” II.—The veins of wealth By John Ruskin SEE ALSO: Capitalism; Economics; Ruskin, John; Political and social views; Wealth PDF IMAGES
535-541	September 1860 Article “Unto this last.” I.—The roots of honor By John Ruskin SEE ALSO: Class consciousness; Economics; Industrial relations; Ruskin, John; Master and servant; Political and social views PDF IMAGES

76-81	May 2000 Review To the dot-com station: Rebranding Britain with American quackery By Thomas Frank SEE ALSO: Britain: renewing our identity (Book); Leadbeater, Charles; Connexity (Book); Economics; Mulgan, Geoff; Hargreaves, Ian; Seltzer, Kimberly; Living on thin air (Book); Leonard, Mark; 1979-; The creative age: knowledge and skills for the new economy (Book); The independents: Britain's new cultural entrepreneurs (Book); Tom Bentley; Tomorrow's politics: the Third Way and beyond (Book) PDF IMAGES
64-68	November 1983 Books/Review Biting the invisible hand: Lester Thurow and four economic theories in search of reality By James Tobin SEE ALSO: Dangerous currents: the state of economics (Book); Economics; Thurow, Lester C.; 1981- PDF IMAGES
102-103	June 1976 Books/Review Business no longer as usual By Tibor Scitovsky SEE ALSO: Business civilization in decline (Book); Economics; Harrington, Michael; Heilbroner, Robert L.; The twilight of capitalism: a Marxian epitaph (Book) PDF IMAGES
111-115	October 1967 The new books/Review Men who steer society: 2. Quarrels among the economists By Robert Lekachman SEE ALSO: Seligman, Ben B.; Economics; Kalachek, Edward D.; Galbraith, John Kenneth; Peck, Merton J.; Most notorious victory (Book); New dimensions of political economy (Book); Nelson, Richard R.; Heilbroner, Robert L.; Technology, economic growth, and public policy (Book); The limits of American capitalism (Book); The new industrial state (Book); Heller, Walter W. PDF IMAGES
84-93	April 1958 The new books/Review Economic man and the rest of us By Paul Murphy Pickrel SEE ALSO: Camus, Albert; Bitter lemons (Book); Jacobson, Dan; Economics; Exile and the kingdom (Book); Expense account (Book); Image of a society (Book); Morgan, Joe; Brooks, John; Hartley, L.P. (Leslie Poles); Durrell, Lawrence; Madison Avenue, U.S.A. (Book); Mayer, Martin; De Vries, Peter; Narayan, R.K.; Fuller, Roy Broadbent; The guide (Book); The hireling (Book); The Mackerel Plaza (Book); The man who broke things (Book); The price of diamonds (Book) PDF IMAGES
98-102	August 1953 New books/Review Economics: Elegant and practical By C. Hartley (Clinton Hartley) Grattan SEE ALSO: Bergson, Abram; Higgins, Benjamin Howard; Abbott, Charles C. (Charles Conrad); Milosz, Czeslaw; Economic essays (Book); Economic stability in a changing world (Book); Economics; Economics in the public service (Book); Nourse, Edwin Griswold; Europe and the United States in the world economy (Book); Soule, George Henry; Steiner, George; Spiegel, Henry William; Ideas of great economists (Book); Williams, John H. (John Henry); Boulding, Kenneth Ewart; Marjolin, Robert; Share of upper income groups in income and savings (Book); Clough, Shepard Bancroft; Kuznet, Simon; Harrod, Roy Forbes, Sir; Soviet economic growth (Book); The American way (Book); The captive mind (Book); The development of economic thought (Book); The federal debt (Book); The government's role in economic life (Book); The organizational revolution (Book); What do economists know? (Book) PDF IMAGES
97-102	August 1952 New books/Review Urbane economies By C. Hartley (Clinton Hartley) Grattan SEE ALSO: A creed for free enterprise (Book); American conservatism in the age of enterprise (Book); Burns, Arthur F. (Arthur Frank); Lewis, Ben W. (Ben William); Jouvenel, Bertrand de; British planning and nationalization (Book); Randall, Clarence B. (Clarence Belden); Creating an industrial civilization: a report on the Corning conference (Book); Democracy and the economic challenge (Book); Bunting, Early Lovett; Economics; Economy in the national government (Book); Maher, Edward; Staley, Eugene; Alexander, Franz; Gambs, John S. (John Saké; Bryson, Lyman; Man, money and goods (Book); Our age of unreason (Book); Douglas, Paul Howard; McCloskey, Robert G. (Robert Green); MacIver, Robert M. (Robert Morrison); Harris, Seymour Edwin; Shirtsleeve economics (Book); The economics of New England (Book); The ethics of redistribution (Book); The next America (Book); They want to know (Book); Wesley Clair Mitchell: the economic scientist (Book); Paton, William Agnew PDF IMAGES
103-108	September 1951 New books/Review Economics is a big omnibus By C. Hartley (Clinton Hartley) Grattan SEE ALSO: Hart, Albert Gailord; Kindleberger, Charles Poor; Communism; Defense without inflation (Book); Economics; Economics of national security (Book); Carr, Edward Hallett; Lincoln, George Arthur; Arendt, Hannah; Schwartz, Henry Herman; Inflation in the United States 1940-1948 (Book); Schumpeter, Joseph Alois; Chandler, Lester Vernon; Monetary management (Book); Russia's Soviet economy (Book); Adams, Sherman; Slichter, Sumner H. (Sumner Huber); Ten great economists, from Marx to Keynes (Book); The Bolshevik revolution 1917-1923 (Book); The dollar shortage (Book); The origins of totalitarianism (Book); Harvey, Thomas; United States administration of its international economic affairs (Book); Parks, Wallace Judson; What's ahead for American business (Book); Stone, William PDF IMAGES
105-109	August 1950 New books/Review Economists, intellectuals, and God By C. Hartley (Clinton Hartley) Grattan SEE ALSO: Berle, Adolf Augustus; America's new frontier: the Mountain West (Book); Bold new program (Book); Keezer, Dexter; Economics; Federal Reserve policy making (Book); Bach, George Leland; Smith, Henry Nash; Kemmerer; Kimmel, Lewis H. (Lewis Henry); Making capitalism work (Book); Garnsey, Morris E.; Of men and mountains (Book); Drucker, Peter Ferdinand; Taxes and economic incentives (Book); The ABC of the Federal Reserve System (Book); The future of democratic capitalism (Book); The new society (Book); The social costs of private enterprise (Book); The United States and the restoration of world trade (Book); Virgin land: the American West as symbol and myth (Book); Espy, Willard R.; Brown, William Adams; Kapp, William; Douglas, William O. (William Orville) PDF IMAGES
108-120	November 1948 New books/Review Our economic future: The lady or the tiger? By Jacques Barzun SEE ALSO: A creative capitalism (Book); Smith, Adam; Lauterbach, Albert; An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations (Book); Economic security and individual freedom (Book); Economics; Hayek, Friedrich A. von (Friedrich August); Individualism and economic order (Book); Goodbar, Joseph E. (Joseph Ernest); Bergeron, Lorenzo U.; Physics and politics (Book); Slichter, Sumner H. (Sumner Huber); The American economy (Book); Bagehot, Walter PDF IMAGES
381-396	October 1947 New books/Review From Keynes to Canby By C. Hartley (Clinton Hartley) Grattan SEE ALSO: Baykov, Alexander; American memoir (Book); American oil operations abroad (Book); As you sow (Book); Crum, Bartley Cavanaugh; Behind the silken curtain (Book); Economics; Food at the grass roots (Book); Canby, Henry Seidel; Rorty, James; Klein, Lawrence Robert; Fanning, Leonard M.; Palestine mission (Book); Crossman, R.H.S. (Richard Howard Stafford); Harris, Seymour Edwin; The development of the Soviet economic system (Book); The Keynesian revolution (Book); The new economics: Keynes' influence on theory and public policy (Book); Goldschmidt, Walter Rochs PDF IMAGES
PAGE MISSING 13-20	March 1945 The new books/Review The new books By John Chamberlain SEE ALSO: Ruml, Beardsley; Democracy under pressure: special interests vs. the public welfare (Book); Economics; Stein, Gertrude; Chase, Stuart; Tomorrow's business (Book); Wars I have seen (Book) PDF IMAGES
PAGE MISSING 13-22	May 1943 The new books/Review The new books By John Chamberlain SEE ALSO: De Voto, Bernard Augustine; Economics; Force and freedom: reflections on history (Book); Gideon Planish (Book); Paterson, Isabel; Burckhardt, Jacob; Lewis, Sinclair; The god of the machine (Book); The year of decision: 1846 (Book); Kernan, W.E.; We can win this war (Book) PDF IMAGES

Oct 2006	Portion of U.S. banking assets in 1996 that were controlled by the ten largest U.S. banks: 1/4 Portion today: 1/2	Harper's Index Source: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Washington)
Oct 2006	Average salary package last year among all full-time employees of Goldman Sachs, including support staff: $521,000	Harper's Index Source: Goldman, Sachs & Co. (N.Y.C.)
Oct 2006	Chances of a recession in 2007, according to a chief economist of Merrill Lynch: 2 in 5	Harper's Index Source: David Rosenberg, Merrill Lynch (N.Y.C.)
Oct 2006	Number of the last six years that fine-art prices have outperformed the S&P 500: 5	Harper's Index Source: Mei Moses All Art Index (N.Y.C.)
Oct 2006	Percentage change since 1999 in the number of consumer complaints about harassment by U.S. debt-collection agencies: +564	Harper's Index Source: Federal Trade Commission (Washington)
Sep 2006	Percentage of U.S. income in 1983 and today, respectively, that went to the top 1 percent of earners: 9, 16	Harper's Index Source: National Bureau of Economic Research (Cambridge, Mass.)
Sep 2006	Average income of an African American today, expressed as a percentage of the average income of a white American: 74	Harper's Index Source: Pew Hispanic Center (Washington)
Jul 2006	Estimated change since 2001 in the total number of U.S. private-sector jobs: +1,900,000	Harper's Index Source: Economic Policy Institute (Washington)
Jul 2006	Amount it costs the U.S. Treasury to manufacture and distribute a penny: 1.4¢	Harper's Index Source: U.S. Mint
Jul 2006	Amount that insects add to the U.S. economy each year, according to one invertebrate advocacy group: $57,000,000,000	Harper's Index Source: The Xerces Society (Portland, Oreg.)
Jun 2006	Year that a signboard tallying the U.S. national debt was erected near Times Square: 1989 Year in which it is expected to run out of digits: 2007	Harper's Index Source: Douglas Durst (N.Y.C.)
Jun 2006	Percentage change in U.S. discretionary spending during the first five years of George W. Bush's presidency: +35 Percentage change during Lyndon Johnson's and Bill Clinton's first five years, respectively: +25, ‒8	Harper's Index Source: Véronique de Rugy, American Enterprise Institute (Washington)
Jun 2006	Ratio of the average manufacturing wage in the United States to that in Mexico, before NAFTA took effect in 1994: 6:1 Ratio today: 8:1	Harper's Index Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Jun 2006	Percentage of Chinese who say the free market is “the best system on which to base the future of the world”: 74 Percentage of the French who say this: 36	Harper's Index Source: The Program on International Policy Attitudes (Washington)
May 2006	Estimated percentage share of global GDP in 1974 that came from “developed” and “emerging” nations, respectively: 61, 39 Estimated percentage from those nations today: 49, 51	Harper's Index Source 1: Harper's research Source 2: U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (N.Y.C.)
Jan 2006	Factor by which the total amount that U.S. pension plans have invested in hedge funds today exceeds that in 1990: 100	Harper's Index Source: Casey, Quirk & Associates (Darien, Conn.)
Dec 2005	Average number of credit cards per U.S. household: 12.7	Harper's Index Source: The Nilson Report (Carpinteria, Calif.)
Dec 2005	Percentage of middle-class Americans who spent more than a third of their income on home ownership in 1975: 2.8	Harper's Index Source: Elizabeth Warren, Harvard Law School (Cambridge, Mass.)
Nov 2005	Number of consecutive years that the U.S. median income has failed to increase: 5	Harper's Index Source: U.S. Census Bureau (Suitland, Md.)
Oct 2005	Rank of 2004 among the most fiscally reckless years in U.S. history, according to the comptroller general: 1	Harper's Index Source: U.S. Government Accountability Office
Sep 2005	Increase in the total value of U.S. residential property since 2000, expressed as a percentage of GDP : 60	Harper's Index Source: Federal Reserve Board (Washington)/Bureau of Economic Analysis (Washington)
Sep 2005	Increase in the value of all U.S. stocks between 1995 and 2000, as a percentage of GDP : 59	Harper's Index Source: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission/Bureau of Economic Analysis (Washington)
Sep 2005	Chances that a U.S. job created since 2001 has been in a housing-related field : 2 in 5	Harper's Index Source: Economy.com (West Chester, Pa.)
Sep 2005	Number of consecutive years that the value of housing in Japan has dropped since its housing bubble burst : 14	Harper's Index Source: Japan Real Estate Institute (Tokyo)
Sep 2005	Rank of “time to buy” in the futures markets, among the first thoughts Brit Hume said he had after the London bombings : 1	Harper's Index Source: Fox News Channel (N.Y.C.)
Sep 2005	Total annual spending controlled by functionally illiterate U.S. consumers : $414,000,000,000	Harper's Index Source: Madhu Viswanathan, University of Illinois (Champaign)
Jun 2005	Projected year by which U.S. Treasury bonds will sink to junk status, on current fiscal policy: 2026 (see page 39)	Harper's Index Source: Standard & Poor's (N.Y.C.)
Mar 2005	Rank of Colombia's stock exchange among the best performers tracked by The Economist last year: 1	Harper's Index Source: Thomson Financial (N.Y.C.)
Feb 2005	Percentage change since March 2002 in total U.S. corporate profits, as valued in dollars: +39	Harper's Index Source: Silvercrest Asset Management Group (N.Y.C.)
Feb 2005	Percentage change since March 2002 in total U.S. corporate profits as valued in euros: -8	Harper's Index Source: Silvercrest Asset Management Group (N.Y.C.)/Harper's research
Feb 2005	Chances of a U.S. "currency crisis" within five years, according to former Federal Reserve chief Paul Volcker: 3 in 4	Harper's Index Source: Office of Paul Volcker (N.Y.C)
Feb 2005	Number of free-trade agreements between developing nations and developed nations in 1990 and today, respectively: 23, 109	Harper's Index Source: The World Bank (Washington)
Feb 2005	Projected change in world income over fifteen years if all developing nations were to enter such deals today: +$112,000,000,000	Harper's Index Source: The World Bank (Washington)
Feb 2005	Projected change, in this scenario, in the total income of developing nations: -$21,500,000,000	Harper's Index Source: The World Bank (Washington)
Jun 2004	Estimated percentage change since 1970 in sub-Saharan Africa's share of world trade : -57	Harper's Index Source: The World Bank (Washington)
Apr 2004	Number of cents a U.S. woman earned for every dollar that a U.S. man did in 1983 and 2000, respectively : 80.4, 79.7	Harper's Index Source: General Accounting Office (Washington)
Apr 2004	Factor by which the average pay of a pro baseball player and a Fortune 500 CEO, respectively, have increased since 1973 : 16, 4	Harper's Index Source: BusinessWeek (N.Y.C.)/Major League Baseball Players Association (N.Y.C.)
Mar 2004	Estimated percentage of the 2.9 million U.S. jobs lost since March 2001 that have not reappeared abroad : 83	Harper's Index Source: Forrester Research (Cambridge, Mass.)/Bureau of Labor Statistics (Washington)
Jan 2004	Estimated percentage of Afghanistan's GDP last year accounted for by opium exports : 39	Harper's Index Source: International Monetary Fund (Washington)
Apr 2003	Percentage of California's economy that is accounted for by agriculture: 7	Harper's Index Source: Dan Sumner, University of California, Davis
Feb 2003	Percentage of Americans surveyed in October who chose the word "hopeful" to describe their feelings about the economy: 37	Harper's Index Source: American Research Group (Manchester, N.H.)
Aug 2002	Extra amount Oregon charges per year to register a hybrid gas/electric car in compensation for lost gasoline taxes: $15	Harper's Index Source: Oregon Department of Motor Vehicles (Salem)
Jun 2002	Rank of the United States among countries that lost the largest number of billionaires in the last year: 1	Harper's Index Source: Forbes (N.Y.C.)
May 2002	Minimum amount a Swiss bank lost last November because of a typing error: $100,000,000	Harper's Index Source: Harper's research
Apr 2002	Number of years that the University of Missouri's Kenneth L. Lay Chair in International Economics has been vacant: 3.5	Harper's Index Source: Department of Economics, University of Missouri (Columbia)
Sep 2001	Amount the federal government paid Harvard researchers in the 1990s to help design Russian market reforms: $40,000,000	Harper's Index Source: Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass.)
Nov 2000	Number of former Soviet republics whose per capita GDP was higher in 1997 than in 1990: 0	Harper's Index Source: United Nations (N.Y.C.)
Aug 2000	Number of prizes in economics ever funded by the Nobel Foundation: 0	Harper's Index Source: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Stockholm)/Nobel Foundation (Stockholm)
Aug 2000	Number of prizes in economics funded “in memory of Alfred Nobel” by the Bank of Sweden: 31	Harper's Index Source: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Stockholm)/Nobel Foundation (Stockholm)
Jan 2000	Estimated gross global product per capita in the year 1000: $133	Harper's Index Source: Prof. J. Bradford DeLong, University of California at Berkeley
Jan 2000	Amount by which the gross global product per capita had changed by the year 1700: +$31	Harper's Index Source: Prof. J. Bradford DeLong, University of California at Berkeley
Jan 2000	Approximate year in which Asia had its first recorded trade deficit with Europe: 1835	Harper's Index Source: Prof. William Kirby, Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass.)
Jan 2000	Estimated bushels of maize paid annually to the Aztec rulers of the city of Tenochtitlán by their subjects: 210,000	Harper's Index Source: Fernández-Armesto, Millennium
Jun 1999	Estimated portion of the $4.8 billion that the IMF loaned Russia last July that has been lost or stolen: 1/5	Harper's Index Source: Russian Audit Chamber (Moscow)
May 1999	Briefing books with Al Gore's photo over Dan Quayle's bio printed for the 1999 Davos, Switzerland, economics forum: 3,100	Harper's Index Source: Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu International (N.Y.C.)
Mar 1999	Average hourly outflow from Brazil's currency reserves on January 13 and 14, after the real was devalued: $214,000,000	Harper's Index Source: Reuters News Service (São Paulo)
Mar 1999	Amount Fortune magazine estimates that Michael Jordan's NBA career has contributed to the U.S. economy: $10,000,000,000	Harper's Index Source: Fortune (N.Y.C.)
Mar 1999	Average amount each American living in poverty would receive if 1998's budget surplus were divided among them: $1,967	Harper's Index Source: Congressional Budget Office/Bureau of the Census
Aug 1998	Acres of U.S. farmland lost to “development” between 1982 and 1992, per hour: 50	Harper's Index Source: American Farmland Trust (Washington)

August 11, 2:00 AM , 2020	The Treasury Department declined a request for $10 billion from General Motors to help finance its possible merger with Chrysler, which would result in the elimination of thousands of jobs.	Weekly Review By Christian Lorentzen Source: New York Times
December 7, 2008	“This is a big problem,” said President-elect Barack Obama of the economy, “and it’s going to get worse.”	Weekly Review By Paul Ford Source: The New York Times
December 5, 2008	The Labor Department reported that 533,000 people lost their jobs in November, a further 621,000 people were forced into part-time employment, and 422,000 more simply dropped out of the labor force. The report, describing a situation far worse than economists expected, also recorded 24,000 layoffs by auto dealers.	Weekly Review By Paul Ford Source: Marketwatch
December 3, 2008	The Government Accountability Office released a 66-page audit critical of oversight of the bailout. “The interests of the government and taxpayers may not be adequately protected,” said the report. “Program objectives may not be achieved in an efficient and effective manner.”	Weekly Review By Paul Ford Source: The Washington Post
December 3, 2008	Zimbabwe, with unemployment at 90 percent and inflation at 23 million percent, said it would issue new $200 million notes. Police in Harare clashed with marching doctors and nurses who were protesting the 10,000 cases of cholera in the country; the Limpopo River was declared infected. “Defecating everywhere,” said one victim.	Weekly Review By Paul Ford Source 1: CNN Source 2: BBC News
December 1, 2008	The National Bureau of Economic Research announced that the U.S. economy is officially in recession.	Weekly Review By Claire Gutierrez Source: The Wall Street Journal
November 19, 2008	Retail prices fell to their lowest point since 1989, oil fell below $50 a barrel, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics announced that the Consumer Price Index fell by 1 percent in October--the sharpest drop in the 61 years the index has been tracked.	Weekly Review By Genevieve Smith Source 1: Washington Post Source 2: UPI
October 27, 2008	The total number of U.S. banks seeking a cash injection from the government rose from nine to 24, and it was determined that home values declined by 9 percent in September.	Weekly Review By Claire Gutierrez Source: New York Times
October 23, 2008	On the 79th anniversary of the stock market crash of 1929, the Dow fell 312.3 points, closing below 8400. Chrysler announced that it would cut 25 percent of its salaried jobs, OPEC said that it was cutting oil production by 1.5 million barrels a day, and former Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan declared that financial markets were engulfed in a “once-in-a-century credit tsunami” and admitted that he had “found a flaw” in his free-market ideology. “I don't know how significant or permanent it is,” he said of his mistake. “But I've been very distressed by that fact.”	Weekly Review By Claire Gutierrez Source 1: The New York Daily News Source 2: The New York Daily News Source 3: The New York Daily News Source 4: MSNBC Source 5: New York Times
October 16, 2008	Governments around the world attempted to slow the global financial catastrophe.	Weekly Review By Sam Stark Source 1: Der Spiegel Source 2: NYT
October 16, 2008	Switzerland bought $60 billion in bad debt from the largest Swiss bank, while the second-largest Swiss bank sought aid from the government of Qatar.	Weekly Review By Sam Stark Source: WP
October 15, 2008	Pawnshop profits were up as much as 50 percent over last year.	Weekly Review By Sam Stark Source: MSNBC
October 9, 2008	“I'm not sure anyone is FDR this time,” said one historian of Wall Street. “I don't think either candidate has a clue what they're dealing with here.”	Weekly Review By Paul Ford Source: Bloomberg
October 6, 2008	After the bailout was signed into law, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell below 10,000 for the first time in five years. “Today,” said an income strategist, “is watching the sky fall.”	Weekly Review By Claire Gutierrez Source: New York Times
October 3, 2008	Employment decreased for the ninth consecutive month, with the U.S. economy losing 159,000 jobs in September.	Weekly Review By Claire Gutierrez Source: New York Times
October 2, 2008	The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives passed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. The legislation, which originated as a three-page proposal by Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and grew to 451 pages after House and Senate negotiations, established the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to grant the Secretary of the Treasury up to $700 billion to buy troubled assets owned by financial institutions, to allow the Treasury to limit executive compensation and “golden parachutes” at those institutions, and to establish an oversight board to monitor the Treasury. The act also provides wooden arrow manufacturers an exemption from excise tax. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi rushed the legislation to President George W. Bush, who signed it and promised that the United States would maintain “a leading role in the global economy.” “If I were dictator,” said Senator John McCain, who voted for the act, “which I always aspire to be, I would write it a little bit differently.” McCain also suggested the act be vetoed because it included so much pork. “No matter what the stakes are,” he said, “you've got to stop this.”	Weekly Review By Claire Gutierrez Source 1: New York Times Source 2: ABC News Source 3: New York Times Source 4: Think Progress Source 5: Think Progress
September 25, 2008	The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 777 points in one day after the House of Representatives failed to pass a Wall Street bailout plan, first put forth by President George W. Bush, that would have granted Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson up to $700 billion to buy, at any price, toxic mortgage-backed assets from financial firms. “It's not based on any particular data point,” said a Treasury spokeswoman of the $700 billion figure. “We just wanted to choose a really large number.”	Weekly Review By Genevieve Smith Source 1: Wall Street Journal Source 2: Washington Post Source 3: Forbes.com
September 25, 2008	Senator John McCain announced that fixing the economy was more important than politicking, suspended his campaign, and attempted without success to postpone his first debate with Senator Barack Obama, although he continued to run campaign advertisements, including one that declared him the winner of the debate, and appeared on CBS with Katie Couric. McCain then joined congressional leaders, including Obama, at the White House to discuss the stimulus package. “I didn't see any sign,” said Representative Barney Frank, “of our Republican colleagues paying any attention to him whatsoever.” “All he has done,” said Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid of McCain, “is stand in front of the cameras.”	Weekly Review By Genevieve Smith Source 1: Washington Post Source 2: Washington Post Source 3: The New York Times Source 4: Politico Source 5: The Los Angeles Times
September 25, 2008	“If money isn't loosened up,” said President Bush of the U.S. economy, “this sucker could go down.”	Weekly Review By Genevieve Smith Source: The New York Times
September 15, 2008	Stocks on Wall Street and other exchanges throughout the world dropped as brokerage Merrill Lynch was bought by Bank of America, insurance giant AIG sought tens of billions of dollars in government loans, and investment bank Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy.	Weekly Review By Christopher R. Beha Source: The New York Times
September 7, 2008	The Treasury Department seized control of mortgage and loan giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, firing the companies' chief executives and promising to provide as much as $200 billion to prevent insolvency.	Weekly Review By Claire Gutierrez Source: New York Times
July 26, 2008	Congress passed a $300 billion bailout for the mortgage lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.	Weekly Review By Christian Lorentzen Source: Guardian
July 25, 2008	The mortgage crisis was causing suicides.	Weekly Review By Christian Lorentzen Source: FOX News
July 13, 2008	The U.S. Office of Thrift Supervision seized the IndyMac Bank of California, worth an estimated 32 billion dollars, after the bank's closure in the wake of mortgage industry collapse.	Weekly Review By Gemma Sieff Source: AFP
July 13, 2008	The Bush Administration proposed a rescue package for ailing mortgage companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac that would allow the Treasury to buy billions of dollars of their stock and lend them billions more to meet their short-term funding needs. The two companies' total debt is estimated at $1.54 trillion.	Weekly Review By Gemma Sieff Source: NYTimes
July 2, 2008	The Dow Jones Industrial Average officially entered a bear market. The cost of oil surged, and shares of General Motors fell to their lowest price since 1954.	Weekly Review By Chantal Clarke Source: Bloomberg.com
June 27, 2008	In Australia, where inflation is at a 16-year-high, Treasury Secretary Ken Henry left his post to look after 115 endangered hairy-nosed wombats for five weeks. “I think,” said an opposition politician, “we all love the hairy-nosed wombat.”	Weekly Review By Chantal Clarke Source: BBCnews.com
June 24, 2008	Ireland was expecting its first recession since 1983.

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